How is academic performance affected by mood stabilizing medication on Research Paper

How is academic performance affected by mood stabilizing medication on school children - Research Paper Example The range of disorders that mood stabilizers can be used to treat include bipolar disorder 1, bipolar disorder 2, cyclothymia, schizoaffective disorder, intermittent explosive disorder, any medical condition in which mania is a symptom (such as stroke, cancer, temporal lobe syndrome), recurrent depression as a prophylaxis, etc (Jacobson, 2001). Bipolar disorder is often seen in children suffering from ADHD, along with several other co-morbid conditions. Mood stabilizers are used to treat several disorders in which aggression, agitation and impulsivity are symptoms. Aggressive behavior is common in several other disorders such as conduct disorders, mood disorders, psychotic disorders, mental retardation, deliriums and dementia. Along with agitation, the child may also have accompanying psychosis, mood changes, anxiety, and insomnia. However, mood stabilizers have a range of positive and negative effects, and a lot of consideration is given to the effect of the drug over the academic p erformance of the child (Kane, 2004). In this paper, 10 handpicked studies from various databases including Cochrane, Pubmed, BMJ and Google Scholar were being analyzed for findings regarding the effect of mood stabilizers on the academic performance of school children. Taken into consideration were the impact of the disease itself, and the course of the disease with respect to the academic performance when treated or untreated with mood stabilizers. Though there are a number of effects of mood stabilizers on the academic performance, they are vital for effective management of the disease, and the treatment of such children has to be carefully evaluated. Body The first paper that is being reviewed is by Smarty and Findling 2007, in which they conducted a review of the psychopharmacology of a pediatric bipolar disorder. According to the researchers, the disorder itself is debilitating to the child and may have long-term and short-term implications in the school, home or in social settings, and can also affect the academic performance of the child. Besides several other disorders such as ADHD, OPP, substance abuse and conduct disorders can affect Bipolar disorder, which in turn can affect the effectiveness of the treatment of bipolar disorder. This is an important point to be taken into consideration whilst assessing the overall effectiveness of the drugs belonging to the mood stabilizers group. The authors conducted a Medline search over the articles published between 1995 and 2006 for treatment practices for bipolar disorders. The study found that lithium, anticonvulsants and antipsychotics were equally beneficial in the treatment of the mania phase bipolar disorders in youth, though data was lacking with the depressive phase of the disorder. Data even suggested that combination therapy was better than monotherapy especially in the maniac or mixed phases. Besides, many studies did not present much information on the treatment of cormobidities and relapses with the disease. The study in general sugg ested treatment of cormobidities and relapses using evidence-based guidelines, as these could affect the academ

Legalizing marijuana Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Legalizing marijuana - Research Paper Example A number of possible arguments for its legalization are also refuted in support of the actual and feared social, health and economic effects. The more immediate social effect of legalization marijuana production and use would be the higher chances for more crimes which could really have its related health and economic effects. If sins are the enemies of heaven, crimes are the enemies of a just and peaceful society. Thus legalizing the marijuana would have the effect of increasing the number of drug-related crimes. It is argued by those who favour legalization of the marijuana argues that the use and production domestically were not addressed by long practice of prohibiting the same. It is claimed by some supporters that despite the use of criminal penalties to prevent the use of hemp or marijuana for three quarters of a century, there still existed millions of users, which to them should be considered an evidence of such failure of prohibiting its free use and production (â€Å"420 Campaign – Top Ten Reasons Marijuana Should Be Legal†). Said claim essentially rested on the premise that people will not fear what is beneficial even in the eyes of threat of imprisonment. The validity of the above claims by the supporter of legalization become doubtful when the fallacy of the claim is exposes. The continued number of users via illegal means cannot be evidence of its failure since choosing to violate existing laws is still part of human. The fact that the substance is being used by a number people despite its being prohibited does not mean that prohibiting the same has become less effective. On the other hand, claims of success for such prohibition can be supported with crimes continued to be drug-related. It could therefore be countered that had there been no prohibition on the use and production of marijuana the greater would have been the number of crimes and therefore social effects would have been

Analysis of the effects of recruitment

Analysis of the effects of recruitment This Report will analyse and reflect different aspect of recruiting, training, motivating and rewarding staff in Marks and Spencer. One of the Biggest challenge in any business is recruiting, motivating and retaining employees. This is also true for Marks and Spencers recruitment procedure. To analyse the recruiting, training, motivating and rewarding staff in Marks and Spencer the following points are discussed in this report. Method use by Marks and Spencer for Staff recruitment, training, motivation and reward system. Marks and Spencers strategic fit with its current HR practices in the design and delivery of its staff rewarding system. Identifying the current practice at Marks and Spencer regarding HRM strategy and theory. Cost implications for Marks and Spencers current HRM policies particularly in relation to recruitment, training, reward system and their impact on stakeholder. Recommendation for most appropriate and effective motivational and reward system strategy for Marks and Spencer. Suggested budget and evaluation method deploy the new and improved motivational and rewarding system at Marks and Spencer. Table of content Executive summary 1 Table of content 2 Information Gathering 3 Introduction 4 Marks and Spencers Organizational Background 5 Approach to Recruitment Planning 5 Recruitment and Selection Methods 6 Marks and Spencer Recruitment 6 Training and development 7 Reward and Performance Management 8 Discussion and Comment on Current HRM strategy and Practice 8 Cost Implication of current HRM policies 10 Recommendation and Budget suggestion 11 Conclusions 12 Appendix 13 Brief Background of Marks and Spencer 13 Structure 14 Culture 15 References 16 Information Gathering: To prepare this report several resources, tools, technique, and methods are used. Resources used in this report are from newspaper articles, reports, organizations accounts, charts, financial documents and many others. Primary information gathered from libraries as well as world wide web resources. The steps and methods used while gathering information to produce this report are: Interviews Analysing organizational charts Document overview Website surveys Research Documentation The primary document used to create this report is mainly the annual reports of Marks and Spencer. History and background of the company are gathered from world wide web and several other resources. Introduction: In this report I will be discussing Marks and Spencers general approach to employee recruitment procedure. In particular its approach to human resource planning, its recruitment and selection methods, and its rewards and performance management practices and how issues of employment diversity are managed. Firstly, I will be discussing the companys brief background, HRM strategy, culture and structure. Then I will discuss the Method use by Marks and Spencer for Staff recruitment, training, motivation and reward system, strategic fit with its current HR practices in the design and delivery of its staff rewarding system, Identifying the current practices regarding HRM strategy and theory, cost implications of current HRM policies particularly in relation to recruitment, training, reward system and their impact on stakeholder. Finally I will give some recommendation for most appropriate and effective motivational and reward system strategy and suggested budget and evaluation method deploy the new and improved motivational and rewarding system. Marks and Spencers Organizational Background: With over 120 years of strong heritage, Marks and Spencer is one of the best retailers in the United Kingdom. The organization has over 450 stores within the UK and have more than 65,000 people working for them in store and management. It also runs its business outside the United Kingdom border where it has a widespread business in places as far as Hong Kong. Now a days, the UKs retailing market has been identified by its super intense competitions. Customers are becoming more and more conscious of where and how they want to shop. They also understand what kind of shopping experience they like. This idea has made it much more difficult for retailers to survive. The end result of this was that M and S had to invent a new business plan and strategy which focused on the their business values, quality, and services. (www.thetimes100.co.uk) Approach to Recruitment Planning: Marks and Spencer use a systematic approach known as strategic planning to their human resource planning which determines its plan of action based upon the values, culture and mission of the company. It is important to Marks and Spencers employees as it helps them to understand the process of the strategic planning to see how their work objectives and individual responsibilities directly affect the companies mission. The systematic approach has six steps which are, to remember the mission, identify the opportunities and threats of the company, to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the company by evaluating employees skills, facilities and organisation structure, to forecast capabilities and opportunities by evaluating any upcoming changes before forecasting future opportunities, to develop goals and objectives and to implement the goals by evaluating the results and revising the plan as they move forward. Recruitment and Selection Methods: To match it business strategy, Marks and Spencer develops existing staff within the organisation. It also recruits managers at three different levels: Trainee managers with A-Levels undertake twenty-four months of training Graduates who join the organisation form university have twelve months of training Experienced managers who have retail experience undertake up to three months of training when they join Marks and Spencer to help them understand how Marks and Spencer operates. Marks and Spencer Recruitment: Internally by recruiting within the company which includes advertising media on notice boards either paper or electronic for example via their corporate intranet, in-house journals, memoranda to supervisors/managers soliciting recommendations and observation and word of mouth. Most of these methods they use incur little extra cost, being based on existing or easily accessible information about the candidates abilities, attitudes and so on. Externally by recruiting people from outside the organisation. Marks and Spencer use agencies for graduates of schools and training institutions such as job centres and career services. Employment agencies are another method of recruitment they use which provides temporary workers for one-off requirements and short-term cover. The Internet is a major external method used by Marks and Spencer, through online recruitment agencies. Marks and Spencers website enables people to apply online via their online application form. Marks and Spencers online application form is very convenient for a disabled person or an immigrant who would find it difficult to find work. This is because Marks and Spencer takes pride in creating jobs under the Equal Opportunities policy which makes the jobs available to everybody, whatever their ethnic origin, race, sex, age, etc. The Marks and Spencer personnel staff can use the information on the application form to create a short list of people to invite to th e interview. This form can be very useful once the candidates have been short listed too. Training and development: Once the new employee has been selected for the job, they will probably need an induction training in order to help them settle into the new job. This training at marks and Spencer goes with the basics of the employees task, as well as some background details for example the history of the business and number of employees and the range of different goods and services produced by the business. At Marks and Spencer training is not just for the new employees. Training courses at Marks and Spencer are targeted at all employees in the business at different stages in their career for example management training courses, training on how to use new machinery and technology. There are many reasons for the huge amount of training used for the employees in Marks and Spencer: To improve employee productivity. To create more efficient and flexible workforce. To increase job satisfaction and motivation of the employees. And training employees increases their chances of promotion as well. Reward and Performance Management: Marks and Spencer use reward management within their company through rewarding their employees for their efforts towards the company. Marks and Spencer has a benefits package to help attract and retain staff by the generosity of benefits offered and by facilitating career longevity and work-life balance. The benefits package includes everything from subsided healthcare and performance-related pay rewards to their employee discount. The benefits package encourages commitment to the companies own products and demonstrates corporate social responsibility by giving above statutory levels of sick pay, paternity leave, pension provisions, employee assistance and so on. Discussion and Comment on Current HRM strategy and Practice: Marks and Spencer use the theory of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, they ask their workers to rank their needs in order of importance using a points system and then analyse their current situation against the points system. Marks and Spencer through performance management carry out regular interviews with employees to assess them for further training or promotion. This is a major motivating factor for Marks and Spencer workers and the company need to be aware that this is a possible area for conflict and de-motivation. According to Maslow, Marks and Spencers workers are at the basic or safety needs level, the aim is to make more workers want to achieve a higher level of needs such as social or esteem needs. Marks and Spencer therefore train workers every now and then to keep these workers motivated. The personnel department find out which workers need more training by keeping track records on each employee, Marks and Spencer do this to increase their skills of the workforce in general bu t to increase the skills of the de-motivated employees more to increase motivation. Herzberg (1957) devised his motivation hygiene theory which stated that two groups of factors affect employee motivation. Herzberg said that certain elements in a job motivate people to do better; he called these elements, satisfiers. Herzberg suggested that satisfiers such as achievement and recognition motivate employees rather than hygiene factors such as pay and working conditions. Marks and Spencer agree with this and have introduced performance related pay within the last few years. Employees who work hard receive a higher wage than those who do not which encourages all employees to work as hard as possible in order to gain extra pay. They also use appraisals as a form of performance management to analyse which areas the employees need to be motivated on. In many companies, appraisal takes place once or twice a year but Marks and Spencer carry it out every three months, the more frequently appraisals are carried out, the better. Performance management allows Marks and Spencer t o ensure that all of their employees are properly trained as a properly trained employee will be more confident in their job and will be better motivated to perform more efficiently. Marks and Spencers selection is based purely on talent screening, they recruit suitable individuals regardless of their age. Individuals apply online and are screened initially on a number of killer questions such as, do you have a permit to work in the UK. Those that are successful at this stage are then screened using online talent screening, this test assesses their skills and experiences against that required for the role they are applying for. Those who pass this test are then invited for an interview. They analyse data from the online recruitment process to ensure that the use of the internet does not discriminate against any particular age group. The company runs training for recruiters about new legislations; the training is designed to ensure that those individuals who conduct selection interviews do not discriminate on the grounds of age. They also ensure that the chairs of assessor teams in assessment centres are well informed about the legislations. An examination of Mark s and Spencers criterion-based selection processes shows not only the use of criterion-based selection but also the use of online selections for initial screenings; this ensures that age is not a factor, as this screening is conducted electronically without reference to the candidates age. Those candidates who are selected for interview have therefore satisfied a number of criteria for the job without their age being known. The use of trained assessors and the provision of training on age for recruiters also minimises the likelihood of age being used as a factor in the selection process at interview or assessment centre stages. Cost Implication of current HRM policies: Marks and Spencer has a diverse range of employees committed to an active Equal Opportunities Policy. This covers their recruitment and selection procedures as well as its training and development, appraisal, promotion opportunities and retirement. They promote an environment free from discrimination, harassment and victimisation which they work hard to ensure everyone receives equal treatment. All the decisions they make relating to employment practices are objective, free from bias and based solely upon work criteria and individual merit. Not only are they responsive to the needs of their employees and customers but also take pride in the role they play in the community because of this they value diversity highly and it is important to them that they recognise and make full use of the wealth of talent they have within their organisation. Marks and Spencer places a lot of emphasis on developing initiatives and procedures that ensure equality for every member of the Marks and Spencer team. Marks and Spencer has a responsibility under UK domestic and European legislation to ensure the health, safety and welfare of all employees, customers and contractors on their premises. Managers have a responsibility to ensure that employees are aware of health and safety regulations and the requirement to report all accidents and dangerous occurrences to the appropriate person/department. Marks and Spencer operates a system that ensures workplace health and safety is safeguarded and they provide a range of occupational health services to their employees. Marks and Spencer abide by the legal framework on selection. The legal framework on selection states that application forms should not include questions which are not work-related (such as marital or domestic details) unless they are asked of all applicants. Marks and Spencers application form only asks questions based on what is needed for the job. Recommendation and Budget suggestion: Marks and Spencer deploys a systematic steps to their human resource planning known as strategic planning which set forth its plan of action based upon the values, culture and mission of the company. It is very important to Marks and Spencers employees as it helps determine them to understand the process of the strategic planning to see how their work objectives and individual responsibilities directly affect the companies mission. The systematic approach has six steps which are- To remember the mission, Identify the opportunities and threats of the company, To determine the strengths and weaknesses of the company by evaluating employees skills, Facilities and organisation structure, To forecast capabilities and opportunities by evaluating any upcoming changes before forecasting future opportunities, To develop goals and objectives and to implement the goals by evaluating the results and revising the plan as they move forward. Because of these Special HR planning approach used by Marks and Spencer, their recruiting, training and rewarding system is very highly effective. Thats why I think there is not much of recommendation left for Marks and Spencer to implement. The most effective approach they can take is to tweak the online recruitment methods and the advanced training facility upgrade. Because of their efficient HR planning and recruitment policy Marks and Spencer do not have to increase that much of their budget to recruit, train and motivate their human resources. So the even if they deploy new strategy for HR recruitment policy Marks and Spencer will be evaluate these thing within limited budget. Conclusion: In conclusion Marks and Spencers overall approach to employee resourcing is one that focuses on attracting and retaining the right people they need to be successful by offering employees competitive rewards and benefits and providing their employees with guidance and information about their values. Also focusing on attracting and retaining people from a culturally and socially diverse workforce that allows them to recruit the best people from a wide pool of talent, marks and Spencer also is concerned with ensuring that the health and safety of their employees and people are protected by well managed systems in all their places of work which all these concerns reflecting within their companies strategy. Appendix: Brief Background of Marks and Spencer: With over 120 years of strong heritage, Marks and Spencer is one of the best retailers in the United Kingdom. The organization has over 450 stores within the UK and have more than 65,000 people working for them in store and management. It also runs its business outside the United Kingdom border where it has a widespread business in places as far as Hong Kong. Now a days, the UKs retailing market has been identified by its super intense competitions. Customers are becoming more and more conscious of where and how they want to shop. They also understand what kind of shopping experience they like. This idea has made it much more difficult for retailers to survive. The end result of this was that M and S had to invent a new business plan and strategy which focused on the their business values, quality, and services. (www.thetimes100.co.uk) Marks and Spencer invented a promotional campaign that stated Your MS. This helped the organization to connect with the customer and the heritage of the organization. It also connected the business in the minds of buyers with 2 other values, trust and innovation. Their revamped and new business policy focuses on 3 main areas: Ensuring value for money products that consumers want. Development and Training brought new skill sets which help to add more value to its services and products, for example by reducing costs of products, this ensures Marks and Spencer to keep prices very low to really benefit the consumer. Improving the work environment within the organization, by having improved skills in sales and stock management means that staff can use the store to better advantage resulting in higher sales and profitability. Ensuring good customer experience, to look after customers if staff have improved communication skills, this can have a profound impact on customer experience. These simple changes have established a business environment with more challenges for MS Staffs. Managers had to prepare Staffs for whatever role they play in this new environment. The answer was to create new career paths for member of staff through training and development at Marks and Spencer to help staffs cope with the challenges they faced and build a career path for them. It is an important part of the Marks and Spencers business plan to attract, train, develop and retain a greater pool of talented individuals in all levels within the organization. The level of rewards and benefits they are able to offer is a key factor in successfully achieving this objective. The organization sets out to provide highly competitive salaries and benefits for all its employees consistent with its growth, strategy and increasingly international territories. Structure: Marks and Spencers has a flat organisational structure. The business lost a number of layers of authority through decentralizing which means that staff throughout the business have more responsibility. This enables them to make quick decisions and justifying actions that have been taken. (www.thetimes100.co.uk) The new structure led to a need in more training. In a flatter organisational structure, many employees have bigger jobs. There are higher expectations that staff can contribute more to its organisation. Marks and Spencer keeps its staff well-trained and able to respond to the businesses needs. There is also a need for succession management, when individuals either retire or move from one job to another Marks and Spencer management plans their replacements so that experienced staff with the right skills and competencies are selected. Culture: Marks and Spencer has a theory Z approach to its culture environment. The main aspect of a theory Z organisation is the test of collaboration between employees and managers. Businesses that successfully implement a theory Z approach to its culture find that employees have a sense of belonging and involvement. Views are shared across the organisation and from this shared norms and values emerge, which help the organisation to improve and move forward. (Ouchis theory Z culture)

Community and the Rocky Horror Picture Show :: Rocky Horror Descriptive Essays

Community and the Rocky Horror Picture Show Sex, adultery, rock and roll, and belonging. These are just some of the things that draw teens into The Rocky Horror Picture Show every Friday and Saturday night. Most teens are drawn in by a family connection and there are still others who are simply drawn in by the curiosity brought up by the name of the show alone. I was drawn in because of family and friend ties to the show. Many teens who go find themselves in a place where they feel that they belong. Teens who normally get called â€Å"freaks† go to Rocky because it is a place where they are no longer considered that. Every person that attends Rocky has a certain uniqueness about them that is celebrated at every show. When you go to Rocky, you meet others who are just like you. This helps to build friendships and bonds between the attendees. It also creates an air of family in the theater that goes everywhere with you. Every week there is a random number of virgins, or first timers, chosen to be sacrificed. These sacrifices are all in fun and are seen as a way of passage into the Rocky community. The first time I went, myself and three other virgins were chosen to be sacrificed. Our sacrifice was long, painless, and completely hilarious. In fact I don’t think that it would have been half as fun if I hadn’t had my three closest friends sitting in the audience laughing at me. Out of the four of us chosen only one was a boy and they made him be an ataman. The two remaining virgins and I were placed under a table and left there to our own devices while the cast made a toast to a newly married member. My being chosen to be sacrificed made me feel as if I really belonged there and would never be shunned. I was also very pleased by the fact that I was chosen to be sacrificed by my favorite character, Eddy who was being played by Dustin Martinez that night. After the toast was finished we did our oath and were allowed to go back to our seats and the show began. In the Rocky community everyone is celebrated for who they are. Individuality is something special among the â€Å"Trannies† and it will always be that way. No guy is ever ridiculed or mocked for dressing like a woman and no woman is ever looked down upon for dressing like a man.

Gun Control Is Necessary Essay

Regulation of guns is a necessary action that needs to be taken in order to save lives. Gun control is an effort to stop the rise in violent crime by strengthening laws on the ownership of firearms. Guns should be taken out of the hands of criminals So that the world would be a safe haven for individual to live and enjoy every day of their lives. They are too many adults and kids dying every day because of the use of guns there kids and adults dying from either a stray bullet, drive by shooting, individuals, robbing stores, banks, carrying guns to school, movie theatre. Every day you read the newspapers or even watch the news channel you will always found some died by from the use of a gun Sandy Hook elementary school should be an awakening for the white house to enforce strict rules on guns and who should be in possession of owning guns Certain laws should like the stand your ground law should be forbidden. That is an easy way to take someone life and not be charged for taking that person life. Guns are meant to be by law enforcement, military, and secret service not meant to be used by minors or adults who don’t have a gun license The National Rifle Association (NRA), And the Gun Owners of America (GOA).Should be able to come to an agreement on gun issues and the effect it’s causing to our country The NRA is the nation group dedicated to upholding of the second amendment of the constitution. The NRA policy states that every law-abiding citizen is entitled to the ownership and legal use of firearms, â€Å"The NRA does many things to help [display their beliefs and persuade others to their beliefs. The NRA has a strong pull on legislation because it has many lobbyist and supporters in government. The NRA also has groups in congress that’s why everything about gun control is all talks because of the power of the NRA If according to the NRA that every law-abiding citizen should own a gun why not raised the prize on ammunition for the gun so that the death toll in America and around the world will reduced because if you own a gun you need ammunition to fire that gun and if ammunition is prized at a higher prize that the gun then the dying of innocent people will reduce Because individual that own a gun will not want to spend that much to purchase ammunition And also the NRA should not sell assault rifles to gun stores for individual to purchase’s to commit horrific crimes. Assault rifles so only be made for the sole purpose of the military, law enforcement, secret service and individual that protect and serve this great country of ours The NRA will not stop selling assault rifle to individuals because then they will be losing out on a great deal of money and having so much power They NRA will not let that happen . If the NRA can’t come to a plan on fixing the gun control law there wi ll be more horrific crimes to be committed on innocent individuals who didn’t deserved to die like those that have died.

Young People Have A Better Life

My grandfather always story me how was his life when he was young. I find that there is a huge different between my life and his young life, my life is 10 times much better than him. So, I will say yes for this topic that young people have a better life today.Nowadays, young people have a better life because of the sophisticated technology that helps us in every work that we do. For instance, when teacher gives us assignment, we can gain information and tips that are required for the assignment by just surfing the net without going to library. We also can be a knowledgeable person because now we have a lot of online newspapers which provide us the latest news from entire world. In contrast, the previous people are so hard to get to know the news because they do not have sufficient money to buy newspaper which is the main source to know the news.In addition, young people have a better life today because we can enjoy live together in harmony and peace, there is no war, terrible rush an d the most important thing that can be proud by Malaysians is Malaysia is an independence country now. This success is achieved because of the contribution of the elderly generation to our country. Apart from this, the life quality of the young people today is increased drastically. For example, there are a lot of hospitals and clinics which are not only at the city areas but also in the interior areas to improve the health of the citizens.Government is always wants the best for the young people to live in good condition in this country. So, they provide us infrastructures kind of post offices, libraries, banks, highways, and many more which help us a lot in our daily life. Those days, there are less infrastructures and the elderly generation disables to do their works smoothly.Besides that, the education itself is the main reason why young people have a better life today. For instance, the systematically system is practiced in education, the marking scheme in exam is easier than be fore and the teachers nowadays are more understanding and educated. Hence, we will be more excited  and enjoy to study. This leads us to be a successful person in the community one day.

Latitude and Type Your Response Essays

Latitude and Type Your Response Essays Latitude and Type Your Response Essay Latitude and Type Your Response Essay The Lesson Activities will help you meet these educational goals: Science Inquiry- You will conduct online research, collect information, and communicate your findings in written form. STEM- You will apply scientific tools and knowledge to solve real-world problems in order to grow in your understanding of science as a creative human activity. 21st Century Skills- You will employ online tools for research and analysis, use critical thinking and problem-solving skills, and communicate effectively in order to solve real-world problems. ________________________________________________________________________________ Directions Write a response for each of the following activities. When you have finished, submit your work to your teacher. Check the rubric at the end of this document to make sure your work is meeting the expected criteria. Task 1: Geocaching In adventure books and movies, the hero sometimes has to follow a map to find a buried treasure. Today, a new sort of adventure sport has become popular in which people use technology to â€Å"find† treasures. Geocaching involves global positioning satellites, maps, and participants’ sense of adventure to locate specific geographic spots. These could be situated in a local area and tracked down in â€Å"real time† or located anywhere on Earth and identified virtually. As you know, every point on Earth can be identified by latitude and longitude. In this lesson, you studied how to read points on a map in degrees, minutes, and seconds of latitude and longitude. For example, the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, is located at approximately 47 ° 37 14 N, 122 ° 20 57 W. Use your map reading, Internet searching, and reasoning skills to find the following locations and answer the three questions for each. You may need to emember that one person’s treasure may be another person’s trash! a. 25 ° 20 42 S 131 ° 2 E 1. What is the place? Type your response here: 2. What mineral is this object made of? Type your response here: 3. What does it look like? Insert a photogaph here: b. 27 ° 10 30 N 78 ° 2 32 E 1. What is the place? Type your response here: 2. Why was this object built? Type your resp onse here: 3. What does it look like? Insert a photograph here: c. 37 ° 52 55 N 85 ° 57 43 W 1. What is the place? Type your response here: 2. What would you find stored at this location? Type your response here: 3. What does it look like? Insert a photograph here: d. 55 ° 45 9 N 37 ° 37 23 E 1. What is the place? Type your response here: 2. What is the name of the main church found here? Type your response here: 3. What does it look like? Insert a photograph here: e. 51 ° 30 14 N 0 ° 7 9 W 1. What is the place? Type your response here: 2. This area was burned in the Great Fire. What year did the Great Fire occur, and what was the purpose of the main building where the fire started? Type your response here: 3. What does this location look like? Insert a photograph here: f. 78 ° 55 50 N 11 ° 49 59 E 1. What is the place? Type your response here: 2. What is most noteworthy about the location of this settlement? Type your response here: 3. What does the place look like? Insert a photograph here: g. 13 ° 9 46 S 72 ° 32 17 W 1. What is the place? Type your response here: 2. Who is usually credited with the discovery of this place? Type your response here: 3. What does it look like? Insert a photograph here: h. 15 ° 50 11 S 69 ° 20 19 W 1. What is the place? Type your response here: 2. What marks this place as unique? Type your response here: 3. What does it look like? Insert a photograph here: . 44 ° 51 15 N 93 ° 14? 32 W 1. What is the place? Type your response here: 2. What was located here before the current landmark? Type your response here: 3. What does the spot look like? Insert a photograph here: j. 36 ° 06 00 N 112 ° 06 00 W 1. What is the place? Type your response here: 2. How was this place formed? Type your response here: 3. What does this spot look like? Ins ert a photograph here: Task 2: Make Your Own Geocaching Activity Now create your own geocaching treasure hunt. Think of 10 interesting spots in the world and provide their latitudes and longitudes. Ask a focused question about each place that would require the virtual explorer to conduct research to come up with an answer. Provide the answer as well! Type your responses here: 1. Latitude and longitude: Name of location: Question (with answer) about location: 2. Latitude and longitude: Name of location: Question (with answer) about location: 3. Latitude and longitude: Name of location: Question (with answer) about location: 4. Latitude and longitude: Name of location: Question (with answer) about location: 5. Latitude and longitude: Name of location: Question (with answer) about location: 6. Latitude and longitude: Name of location: Question (with answer) about location: 7. Latitude and longitude: Name of location: Question (with answer) about location: 8. Latitude and longitude: Name of location: Question (with answer) about location: 9. Latitude and longitude: Name of location: Question (with answer) about location: 10. Latitude and longitude: Name of location: Question (with answer) about location: Rubrics This project will be evaluated on a rubric that is based on the completeness, clarity, and thinking you exhibit in the Directions and Analysis section above. Points possible: Geocaching: 30 Make Your Own Geocaching Activity: 30 |Geocaching | |30 points | |locations correctly identified, or very close proximity (1 point each – 10 | |total) | |question about location correctly answered | |(1 point each – 10 total) | |correct graphic included (1 point each – 10 total)

Government Agencies And Federal Register Example

Government Agencies And Federal Register Example Government Agencies And Federal Register – Coursework Example Government agencies and Federal Registers A new business owner of a residential and commercial carpet cleaning business need to be aware that sales tax is a tax paid to the governing body the sale of certain products and services. They also need to be aware that the law permits, at the point of purchase, the seller is obliged to collect funds for the tax usually from the consumer. Besides, the tax is usually itemized separately from the price of services and products. The other benefit is that if implemented correctly, it eliminates budget deficits.The sales tax is very beneficial to the sales manager of a company since the tax is typically accumulated directly from the consumer only by the seller, and it is usually based on the sale price of the service or product rather than the quantity. Certification of sales tax administration software for businesses use reduces work and expense (Fox 2). 2. The Federal Register is used as a channel by the Federal government to think aloud with i ts people. The managers can use the notice and comment process that is outlined in the Federal register so as to participate in agency rulemaking (McKinney, 23-25).So as to address this challenge of rule making, the public comments are usually considered by issuance of a government agency. Any agency that proposes a rule in the Federal Register needs to give contact information for the organizations or firms and individuals who are actually interested in making comments to the agencies. Besides, the agencies need to ensure that their agencies provide due diligence to these concerns when it publishes its final rule regarding the subject. Since the Federal Register offers accessibility to a broad range of Federal benefits as well as opportunities for funding, the managers can best control the Federal Register’s website through reproducing the information that appears on the website. This can be used for cross-referencing. Furthermore, they also ensure that certain individuals i n declared counties can apply for assistance through the internet. Lastly, they also use webinar to guide and encourage the minority-owned firms looking to increase their success or enter the federal contract market (Fox 78-80).Fox, William. Sales Tax in the 21st century. New York: Greenwood Pubslishing Group, 2009.McKinney, Richard J. â€Å"A Research Guide to the Federal Register and the Code of Federal Regulations.† Law Librarians Society of Washington, D.C. (July 21, 2012).

Assessment And Examination System Education Essay

Assessment And Examination System Education Essay Abstract This paper aims to compare and contrast the public examination system and the school assessment system in both countries. It also explores the different emphasis and the possible factors of higher mathematics performance of Chinese students as compared to Malaysian students. These possible factors might include: a) cultural and political factor; b) emphasis of the ‘Two Basics’ principle of mathematics education in China; c) the quality of mathematics teachers; d) higher level of teaching content; and e) societal and parental expectations. Keywords: Comparative study, assessment, examination, China, Malaysia Introduction Assessment and examinations are viewed as highly important in most Asian countries such as China and Malaysia. Often, public examination results are taken as important national measures of school accountability. Schools are ranked and classified according to their students’ performance in major public examinations. However, assessment is supposed to reflect the intended curriculum (Wong, 2002) and to show what is valued. Very often, assessment ‘defines in detail what is regarded as acceptable and what methods for solving problems are preferred’ (Kaye Stacey, 2002, p.11). Yet, too much emphasis on assessment and examination may constraint or distort the implemented curriculum. For instance, assessment that focuses on skills will encourage â€Å"the teachers to use the ‘explain and practice’ strategy and the students will resort to ‘practice and memorization'† (Wong, 2002, p.3). On the other hand, assessment that emphasizes on problem solving and proofing may push teachers to use teaching strategies that stress conceptual understanding. Therefore, the kind of assessment may determine the kind of mathematics teaching strategy and thus result in the kind of mathematics learning outcome of students. Why Do a Comparative Study Between Malaysia and China? Malaysia and China are both A sian countries. To some extent, both share a similar cultural background that emphasizes on mathematics education and examination. However, in international assessments, for example, The Third International Mathematics and Science Study-Repeat (1997-2001), Chinese students (from Hong Kong [ranked 3rd] and Taiwan [ranked 4th]) performed much better than Malaysian students [ranked 16th]. What are the possible factors? Are Chinese students more prepared for international assessment? Or are Chinese students more equipped with basic mathematical knowledge and skills? Are Chinese parents and society look more highly upon examination than their Malaysian counterparts? We hope that a comparative study on the two countries assessment and examination systems might provide us with some insight as well as act as a mirror to reflect on our own systems. In brief, this paper aims to discuss and compare the various levels of public examination system and the school assessment conducted in both coun tries. In addition, this paper also explores the possible factors of higher mathematics performance of Chinese students as compared to Malaysian students, such as a) cultural and political factor; b) emphasis of the â€Å"Two Basics† principle of mathematics education in China; c) the quality of mathematics teachers; d) higher level of teaching content; and e) societal and parental expectation. A Comparison of Public Examination System in Malaysia and China In Malaysia, the school system is divided into primary level (6 years), lower secondary level (3-4 years), upper secondary level (2 years) and Form Six or matriculation (2 years). There are four major public examinations conducted at each level. At primary level, there is the Primary School Assessment Test (UPSR); at lower secondary level, the Lower Secondary Assessment (PMR); at upper secondary, the Malaysian Certificate of Education Examination (SPM) and at Form Six, the Malaysian Higher Education Certificate Examination (STPM). Nevertheless, the most decisive examination is the SPM. Based on the SPM results, a student may choose to enter Form Six or matriculation; polytechnic or teacher training colleges, private colleges or universities, or to further his/her study in an overseas institution. However, lately the trend has changed to using the STPM results as an entrance yardstick to both local and overseas university. Anyhow, all the examination results are taken seriously by both schools and parents as a measure of school accountability and individual pride. It is a common phenomenon for the mass media to publicize widely the examination results league table with the names of schools and individual student’s outstanding performance.

My Aunts Wedding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

My Aunts Wedding - Essay Example I had known my aunt as a flower enthusiast and therefore, hoped that her wedding would be the most colorful wedding. True to my speculation, the wedding arena was overly beautified with all kinds of flowers. The weather was chilly in the morning but the chilly weather gave way to warm and calm weather in mid-morning. As we arrived at the church where the wedding would take place, I could feel the serenity of the compound, which was fully decorated with flowers, balloons, and ribbons of different colors. The background of classic gospel music complemented the beautiful environment. We were among the first to arrive and therefore sat at the front seat. After approximately an hour, many people had arrived and the church was already full. Everybody was happy and wore cheerful faces. It was such a wonderful scene to watch how people dress in their best outfits to match such an important occasion. The bride and the groom arrived shortly thereafter and the ceremony began. The highly awaited moment arrived and the pastor facilitated the exchange of vows. The climax of the wedding happened when the pastor told the bride that he might now kiss the bride. Although my aunt was covered in a wedding veil, I could see the tears of joy in her eyes. I had never imagined that joy could be so overwhelming. The screams from the audience were so loud at this moment that it drowned the pastor’s voice. Since the wedding reception was taking place in the social hall in the next building, we had to proceed there in a procession. The flower girls led the procession and the newlywed followed. Each step of the procession followed the slow beats from the background music. Although it took a lot of time, we finally found ourselves inside the decorated reception hall. I noticed the big and colored wedding cake, which had candles of different lights.  

Competitive Strategies. Chaos Camera Company Competitive Advantages Assignment

Competitive Strategies. Chaos Camera Company Competitive Advantages - Assignment Example The analysis is made on all these accounts and keenly canvasses the company on the competitive advantage it gains over other companies in the industry and the strategies that the company undertakes to sustain this advantage. Competitive advantage being key to any business’ success is therefore a crucial aspect of a company and is well elaborated throughout the course of the paper. An analysis of the strategic approach that the company made to compete successfully in four geographic regions is also made. We also examine the ways that the company could improve the important value chain activities it has. An elaborate break down is made of the company’s corporate social responsibilities it has running and justifications made on why the company is running them. The style of making decisions that the company used is also explained in the paper as well as the decisions that supported the team’s strategy execution efforts. The team mandated with the task of running the company did a tremendous job through cooperation and hard work and these elements of the team are outlined throughout the whole paper. Competitive Strategies In order to find a footing in the fiercely competitive digital camera market, our company had to undertake a series of strategies that helped us be competitive. First and foremost, we had to attract customers with the best possible product at a competitive price. Therefore, we made a high quality product and offered it at a price that gave value for money. The company had to set a price that was reasonable to most customers and at the same time offer a product that was of higher value than what our competitors offered at the same price. Capitalization on attractive growth opportunities also gave our company the edge over other companies in the market. The business incessantly looked for growth opportunities in the market to exploit and make a killing. This helped the company increase its revenue streams as well as better positi on the business in the marketplace. It is imperative for any business to find ways of lowering their costs. Through this a business is able to make profits out of its business and our company subscribed to this school of thought. The company constantly looked for ways to reduce the operational costs by better managing the functional pieces of the business. The business that better manages its operations to lower its costs and eventually makes a higher profit, holds a competitive advantage over its rivals. (Mooij, (2009) This was one of our company’s fundamental objectives since it helped us gain a competitive advantage over our competitors. Performance targets are a guide as to the amount of revenue or profits that the business should earn over a given period of time. These targets are crucial since they guide the company on how much to strive for but the targets should not deviate and contradict with the quality of the product. The company always ascertained that performance targets and product quality were directly related therefore ensuring that product quality was not severed in the process of achieving high performance targets. Sustainable Competitive Advantage Gaining a competitive advantage over our rivals was crucial but sustaining that competitive advantage was even of more essence. Our team looked into various ways of sustaining our competitive advantage; firstly improving our product design was of fundamental importance to any success that we would have. Therefore, we focused on producing an unbeatable

Impact of culture on globalization strategies Essay - 1

Impact of culture on globalization strategies - Essay Example Accordingly, Manrodt & Vitasek (2004, 3) averred that â€Å"the literature is clear that global and transnational firms can benefit from a coordinated and integrated management of their key processes.† The complexity of managing global processes on a wider scale is eminent taking into account obstacles including â€Å"language, customs, current standards, education levels, and government regulations. Increased competition, demanding customers, and constantly changing business environments have forced management to seek radically different ways for their companies to succeed in the marketplace.† (Manrodt & Vitasek, 2004, 3) The authors opted to utilize two methods in to achieve their objective. The first method is the use of comprehensive literature on the subject of global process standardization. The second method comprised of an in-depth case study of an actual organization, the Modus Media International, Inc. (Modus) identified as a â€Å"leader linking metrics from strategy to the plant level across its 23 manufacturing/distribution facilities.† (Manrodt & Vitasek, 2004, 4) The study that was conducted interviewed senior management to line managers using structured standardized questions on Modus’s process management standardization practices. Manrodt & Vitasek formulated a framework for standardizing global processes enumerating six critical steps, to wit: articulate a strategy; adopt a process review of logistics; identification of key segments, processes and process attributes; determination of impact to customers; selection of improvement of key segments; and identification and training of the global segment owner. A background on the company and the case was initially provided. A supply chain conditioning maturity profile was designed to indicate each of the processes which had several attributes that helped employees determine their level

Good Things by Groupism in Design Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Good Things by Groupism in Design - Case Study Example During this group, she was able to participate at the level she desired. Each member was assigned a different task. Jee Hye was to code the HTML and JavaScript for the project. It was a group of epic proportions. It was a group on par with excellence. Despite previous negative experiences, Jee Hye believes there are good things about designing by groupism when each person is assigned what they are best able to do, everyone feels a part of project, and the results of project are much better. One good thing about designing by groupism is each person is sometimes able to do what he does best. Some students are better with writing or other artistic work. Others are better with speaking or in leadership positions. Still, others are better with doing or applying what has been learned to create a new product. Jee Hye was better with doing so she did the coding part of the web design project. Mary was better with writing. She kept notes and wrote the paper for the project. Casey was best with speaking, and he presented the project to the class. They all did their part to make the project work. In other groups, Jee Hye noticed some people slack while others did all the work. In this group, it helped to have a good manager. It helped that he was able to direct people to their appropriate tasks. Instead of everyone doing whatever they wanted all hoi polloi, there was an organized method of tackling the design problems they encounter. The divisions of labor and job specialization were the cornerstone of the group's workflow. As the work progressed, it made other benefits of group design become apparent. Another good thing about designing by groupism is that each person feels part of project. In Jee Hye's group, each person made suggestions about the website project. Some of the suggestions were used. Others were not, but some of everyone's made ideas were applied to the project. I was truly a collaborative effort. Mary and Jee Hye constructed the layout together. Mary and Casey formulated the content as a team. All three students worked together to debug the coded portion of the project. In other groups, Jee Hye noticed that some people's voices were heard over others despite logic. Again, this pitfall was avoided by good management. Casey really helped it all go smoothly. His management ability was uncanny. He kept the group focused, and he mitigated disputes. Furthermore his selling ability made the marketing aspects of the design a breeze. Each person played a vital role, and everyone felt part of the group project. At the end of the project, they all felt happy about how everything happened. The website was great, and they were very proud of their work. Along with division of labor and job specialization, group morale is a major aspect of positive experience in working with a group. It is important that each member works to keep a positive attitude if they expect the group to work well. No one wants to attend a group where people are sour-faced. The best thing about designing by groupism is the results of a project are much better than individual projects if people work symbiotically. In other groups, Jee Hye noticed the final product was not as good as this one. Usually, one person takes too much work. Others do not participate, and still others participate too much. It makes the project not really a groupism project. It means some people do nothing. Some do everything. Others tell

Mergers and aqcuisition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Mergers and aqcuisition - Essay Example Since Bentley has somehow gained fame after operating with eleven stores in Southern Europe, Zeta's should look for 24-year AA bonds to determine the discount rate. Judging by the present status of Bentley in the Southern European market, the discount rate Zeta's should use to assess the value of Bentley for their equity holders should range from 5.0%-5.25%. At this low discount rate, they generally have a much shorter period concerning their liabilities. Furthermore, a discount rate of that range is competitive enough to acquire Bentley if Zeta's other competitors for Bentley acquisition uses a higher discount rate. Zeta's also have the advantage since they have operated for years and gained patronization from retail stores in London and Newcastle. Thus, using a lower discount rate to assess the Bentley's is a safe way for their excess cash. By doing so, Zeta's is being prudent enough. If they take the bond rate, Bentley equity holders would actually overview it down for prudence. A pparently, it is quite difficult to get a good AA measure for acquisition and bond yields. Markova (2001) states that if a company uses a discount rate of such range, the competitors tend to overlook the rate and thus t discourages them to continue bidding. Terminal value is defined as the value of any item at the end of a particular time phase. For instance, the terminal value may include the value of a fully depreciated asset and the maturity value of a bond (Bergstein, 1998). Based on the Table 1 of Mr. Sharpe, the terminal value is 8.5 million. The terminal value that should be used in order to evaluate the cash flow of Bentley is satisfactory enough for Zeta's to gain full acquisition to it, which has principally been driven by the market. Since Bentley has somehow gained fame after operating with eleven stores in Southern Europe, Zeta's should look for 24-year AA bond. At this terminal value, they generally have a much shorter period concerning meeting the demands of their liabilities. Furthermore, a Bentley's terminal value for 2005 which is expected to grow by 5% in 2006 is competitive enough to acquire Bentley if Zeta's other competitors for Bentley acquisition uses fashion retail items using their own names. Since Zeta's is j ust planning to start using its own name, Zeta's have the advantage since they have operated for years and gained patronization from retail stores in London and Newcastle. Thus, using a lower discount rate to assess the Bentley's is a safe way for their excess cash. By doing so, Zeta's is being prudent enough. If they take the bond rate, Bentley equity holders would actually overview it down for prudence. Collateral, which consists of securities that could be sold by the Reserve Bank if the borrower fails to pay back the loan, limits the Fed's (and therefore the taxpaying public's) risk exposure. Acceptable collateral includes, among other things, U.S. Treasury securities, government agency securities, municipal securities, mortgages on one- to four-family dwellings, and short-term commercial notes. Usually, collateral is kept at the Reserve Bank,

Environmental Managent Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Environmental Managent - Annotated Bibliography Example mping them to the bottom of the ocean has been captured vividly on camera which provides proof of the project known as â€Å"The Next Stop Atlantic (Zolfagharifard, 2015).† The article discusses about different environmental management issue the first being recycling. Recycling is being encouraged in order to save the environment from harmful effects associated with wrongful disposal of the used products (Wehrmeyer, 2011). The other issue in discussion is that of prevention of pollution. Pollution and especially air pollution is known and documented to destroy the environment as well as the ozone layer (Uberoi, 2004). With the used subway cars being dumped in the floor of the ocean instead of burning them, then massive air pollution has been prevented. Lastly is the issue of saving aquatic life and providing them with a longer life span as well as a chance at reproduction. The ocean just like land is full of predatory animals and fish which hunt the fish species and eats them or live off eating their spawn once laid. There are not enough corals to hide all the aquatic life and hence the subway cars provide other artificial corals where the fish can hide and reproduce without danger (Hill & Gale, 2009). The project uses very minimal resources but the resultant environmental impact is very great and positively encouraged (Thomas, 2005). Literature on environmental management impact indicates that recycling is among one of the cheapest form of management. This is compared against the resources used to destroy the recycled materials (Ghosh, 2003). The increased campaign of this project not only in New York and US but the whole world in general should be encouraged. It is guaranteed to reduce the negative impact of pollution as well as ensure the used cars are properly disposed. According to Figueroa & De Chile (2008), environmental management is a very simple thing if only people start thinking outside the box. Once the human beings assist the marine life increase

Mergers and aqcuisition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Mergers and aqcuisition - Essay Example Since Bentley has somehow gained fame after operating with eleven stores in Southern Europe, Zeta's should look for 24-year AA bonds to determine the discount rate. Judging by the present status of Bentley in the Southern European market, the discount rate Zeta's should use to assess the value of Bentley for their equity holders should range from 5.0%-5.25%. At this low discount rate, they generally have a much shorter period concerning their liabilities. Furthermore, a discount rate of that range is competitive enough to acquire Bentley if Zeta's other competitors for Bentley acquisition uses a higher discount rate. Zeta's also have the advantage since they have operated for years and gained patronization from retail stores in London and Newcastle. Thus, using a lower discount rate to assess the Bentley's is a safe way for their excess cash. By doing so, Zeta's is being prudent enough. If they take the bond rate, Bentley equity holders would actually overview it down for prudence. A pparently, it is quite difficult to get a good AA measure for acquisition and bond yields. Markova (2001) states that if a company uses a discount rate of such range, the competitors tend to overlook the rate and thus t discourages them to continue bidding. Terminal value is defined as the value of any item at the end of a particular time phase. For instance, the terminal value may include the value of a fully depreciated asset and the maturity value of a bond (Bergstein, 1998). Based on the Table 1 of Mr. Sharpe, the terminal value is 8.5 million. The terminal value that should be used in order to evaluate the cash flow of Bentley is satisfactory enough for Zeta's to gain full acquisition to it, which has principally been driven by the market. Since Bentley has somehow gained fame after operating with eleven stores in Southern Europe, Zeta's should look for 24-year AA bond. At this terminal value, they generally have a much shorter period concerning meeting the demands of their liabilities. Furthermore, a Bentley's terminal value for 2005 which is expected to grow by 5% in 2006 is competitive enough to acquire Bentley if Zeta's other competitors for Bentley acquisition uses fashion retail items using their own names. Since Zeta's is j ust planning to start using its own name, Zeta's have the advantage since they have operated for years and gained patronization from retail stores in London and Newcastle. Thus, using a lower discount rate to assess the Bentley's is a safe way for their excess cash. By doing so, Zeta's is being prudent enough. If they take the bond rate, Bentley equity holders would actually overview it down for prudence. Collateral, which consists of securities that could be sold by the Reserve Bank if the borrower fails to pay back the loan, limits the Fed's (and therefore the taxpaying public's) risk exposure. Acceptable collateral includes, among other things, U.S. Treasury securities, government agency securities, municipal securities, mortgages on one- to four-family dwellings, and short-term commercial notes. Usually, collateral is kept at the Reserve Bank,

A Sick Medicaid System Essay Example for Free

A Sick Medicaid System Essay They received two offers. DHS chose the lowest bid from a company called CNSI. CNSI had no experience with a Medicaid system. When trying to build this new system there was very little communication between CNSI and the medical experts. In 2003 the new governor John Baldacci merged the Department of Behavioral and Developmental Services with the Department of Human Services in the new Department of Health and Human Services (Oz, 2009). In doing this the new system was a disaster. The claims were being denied and medical providers had to take out loans and some had to close their businesses because of no payments. DHHS fell so far behind due to the system they had to hire more experts. Instead of the system costing $15 million they had to pay out $70 million and they were six years behind. Were there any factors that contributed to the project failure which were not the fault of the project team and its leaders? There were several factors that played a roll in the project failure. The first issue was the fact that they only had two RFP’s and the states head of procurement that chose the lower of the two bids. When making the decision he/she didn’t hold in account that they didn’t conduct any type of research for either company, they checked no references, they checked no past projects of CNSI, and left no room for negotiations for the more experienced company. By choosing CNSI because of the lower bid they took a very big risk. The project team and leaders weren’t the biggest factor in this disaster. The new governor was. When he chose to merge systems from several departments in the attempt to save money he made the project cost go from $15 million to $22 million because the project team had to go back and rework the project they had already started for only DHS. Some critics said that the fact that only two bidders made offers, and that the price quotes were so different, should have alerted DHS that either the RFP was unrealistic or that the low bidder could not develop the system properly. What is your opinion? They totally could have taking the additional measures in submitting more than two RFP’s. It is very important to â€Å"avoid nebulous, unprioritized requirements, and never used canned RFP’s† (Byrne, 2010). RFP’s are sometimes not cost effective for vendors where they may not make the profit margin they hope to, so not as many are responding to them as in the years past (Byrne, 2010). DHHS should have made sure that listed all requirements they needed very clear so that potential companies could have offered up bids. They may have received bids from companies that had the experience and knowledge needed to make sure the system was correctly. In actuality DHHS paid twice the amount of the bid from Keane. Some states decided to continue to use their old (legacy) Medicaid claim systems, update them, and provide a Web link to the system, instead of developing a new system. What are the advantages of this approach? There are several advantages that this approach would have shown such as: †¢ The legacy system will still contain all the old medical information. †¢ Old claims are still able to be accessed and researched with the legacy system. The legacy system is not likely to have the same problems occur that a new system is expected to. By updating the legacy system can cut down on the cost and time that it would take for a new system. †¢ â€Å"Investment in a new system would not justify the improved features because the old systems have some advantage that cannot be obtained from newer systems† (Oz, 2009) In many cases organizations decide to convert to a new IS by cutting over. In what sense was the cutover in this case riskier than in other such conversions? As for DHHS they chose to build a new system unlike most states that chose to only integrate their systems so they met HIPAA requirements. By choosing to build a new system they would have no access to the legacy system and all information would now become extinct once the cut over occurred. By DHHS rushing the conversion they in turn were not ready for the cut over and in turn also fell behind on the agreed schedule. By this occurring and the merging of departments the IT department was cut in half and no one discussed what the other was doing. Also, there was no one from HIPAA on the committee to begin with to approve and assist with all programming rules and regulations (Oz, 2009). Recommendations: There are several ways that DHHS could have conducted this conversion. My recommendations are as follows: (1) A project team should have been selected before the RFP’s were to be processed. (2) DHHS should have made some efforts to negotiate with Keane seeing that they were more qualified out of the two. (3) DHHS should have conducted more research on the companies that offered the bids. (4) DHHS should have conducted research on other states that just integrated their system to see if it worked for them. 5) DHHS should have used the agile project management model so that there could be open lines of communication and room for any changes that needed to be made. They would have been able to test their work every two to three weeks to see what worked for them and what didn’t. (6) The project teams should have worked together and shared all ideas instead of working separate. These are my recommendations. As of today DHHS no longer uses the CNSI systems. â€Å"As a result of certification, MIHMS has been found to meet the standards of CMS for a certified claims management system.This will allow Maine to claim 75% reimbursement for ongoing operations retroactive to Sept 1, 2010-the date that the system began processing claims.

Analysis of of Quercetin in Camellia Sinensis Extracts

Analysis of of Quercetin in Camellia Sinensis Extracts ABSTRACT A precise and feasible reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for the novel analysis of of Quercetin in aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Camellia sinensis extracts with internal standard has been developed. The analysis was carried out on a Phenomenax-C18 column (250 Ãâ€" 4.6mm, 5ÃŽ ¼m). reversed-phase column, using a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.1% orthophosphoric acid in water at 60:40 ratio as the mobile phase; Propyl paraben was used as the internal standard. The linearity range of the Quercetin was found to be in 1-25  µg/ml and the retention times were found to be 3.3 and 5.6 min for Quercetin and Propyl paraben respectively. The accuracy was good and recovery values for Quercetin ranged from 100 to 102% respectively. The proposed novel method is precise and feasible for the determination of Quercetin with internal standard in a short analytical runtime. The method seems to be suitable for routine analysis in quality control laboratories an d research institutes. Keywords: Quercetin, HPLC, Propyl paraben, Validation. Introduction Quercetin (Fig. 1) chemically 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one is a plant pigment (flavonoid) found in many plants and foods, such as red wine, onions, green tea, apples, berries,  Ginkgo biloba. It is used for treating conditions of the  heart  and  blood  vessels including â€Å"hardening of the  arteries† (atherosclerosis),  high cholesterol,  heart disease, and circulation problems (1-3). It is also used to treat inflammation,  asthma,  gout,  viral infections,  chronic fatigue  syndrome (CFS), preventing  cancer, and for treating chronic infections of the  prostate (4-7). Quercetin is also used to increase endurance and improve athletic performance. Tooth decay is most common infectious oral disease that afflicts 95% of the human beings. The flavonoids Quercetin found in green tea can stop the formation of dental plaques and tooth decay. Fig.1 : Chemical structure of Quercetin Some analytical methods were developed for analysis of quercetin by spectrophotometric (8-10), HPLC (11-13), HPTLC (14-16), electrochemical detection (17). In spite of its wide economical importance, a rapid and efficient method forits identification and quantification is necessary. To the best of our knowledge, there is no published method for the determination of quercetin in Camellia sinensis extracts with propyl paraben as internal standard. The aim of the present study was to develop a rapid, economical, precise and accurate reversed-phase HPLC method for quantifying quercetin in aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Camellia sinensis. Materials and Methods Acetonitrile (HPLC grade, MERCK), Water (HPLC grade, Thomas Baker) and orthophosphoric acid (HPLC grade), Quercetin and Propyl paraben are procured from local analytical laboratories. Instrumentation and chromatographic conditions HPLC is a chromatographic technique used to separate a mixture of compounds in analytical chemistry and biochemistry with the purpose of identifying, quantifying purifying the individual components of the mixture. The system consisted of UFLC-Shimadzu make LC-20AD with PDA detector. The data acquisitionwas performed by LC solutions software. The chromatographic separation was achieved on Phenomenax-C18 column (250 Ãâ€" 4.6mm, 5ÃŽ ¼m) column. The elution was isocratic with mobile phase of 0.1% orthophosphoric acid in water and acetonitrile (60:40, v/v). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/ min and yielded a backpressure of about 57 bar. The column temperature was maintained at 40 °C, the detection was monitored at a wavelength of 262 nm and injection volume was 10  µL. UFLC is suitable for separation of Quercetin with propyl paraben as internal standard. The chromatographic conditions are shown in Table 1. Table 1: The chromatographic conditions of the developed method Plant material (Camellia sinensis) Dried leaves of Camellia sinensis i.e Green tea are collected from Doddabetta Tea Factory, Ooty, Tamilnadu and identified by Dr. K. Mruthunjaya, Asst. Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSSCP, Mysore. The procured leaves were used for the preparation of alcoholic and aqueous extract. Extraction Methodology: Alcoholic Extract of Camellia sinensis Alcoholic extract was prepared by hot reflux extraction method on a water bath temperature maintained at 78 °C for 2 hours. The dried coarsely powdered leaves of Camellia sinensis (550g) were extracted in 3 batches (150g each). The obtained extract was filtered and solvent was distilled out up to required concentration and combined extract was spray dried to get alcoholic extract of Camellia sinensis and stored in a dessicator. Aqueous Extract of Camellia sinensis Aqueous extract was prepared by hot reflux extraction method on a water bath temperature maintained at 80 °C for 2 hours. The dried coarsely powdered leaves of Camellia sinensis (550g) were extracted in 3 batches (150g each). The obtained extract was filtered and solvent was distilled out up to required concentration and combined extract was spray dried to get aqueous extract of Camellia sinensis and stored in a dessicator. Drying of Extract: Prepared extracts were dried using Spray dryer. Parameters maintained for Spray drying are Inlet temperature maintained at 70-80 °C, Outlet temperature maintained at 50-60 °C, aspiration rate 1200 rpm per min, feed pump 2ml per min respectively. PREPARATION OF SOLUTIONS Preparation of mobile phase The content of the mobile phase was prepared from Acetonitrile, filtered and degassed mixture of and water and orthophosphoric acid in the ratio of 60:40 v/v. Preparation of standard solutions About 10 mg of pure standards of Quercetin and Propyl paraben were accurately weighed and dissolved separately in two 10 mL standard flask and dissolved in methanol to get standard stock solutions of concentration of 1 mg/mL (1000  µg/mL). From the prepared stock solution an intermediate stock solution was prepared which contains 100  µg/mL of Quercetin. From this intermediate stock solution serial dilutions were made to obtain final concentrations of the solutions in the range of 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25  µg/mL of Quercetin. Propyl paraben solution was made to a concentration of 25 µg/mL and used as an internal standard throughout the methodology. Preparation of Camellia sinensis extracts sample solutions 100 mg of extract sample was weighed and transferred in to 10ml volumetric flask and dissolved in a mixture of 5ml of 6M HCl and 5ml of mobile phase and sonicated for 15min. The obtained solution was filtered through a 0.45  µ pore size filter into a HPLC vial and loaded to the instrument. Method development and optimization The chromatographic conditions were optimized by changing the mobile phase compositions; buffer used in the mobile phase column stationaryphase and organic solvent. Finally a mixture of 0.1% orthophosphoric acid in water, acetonitrile and C18 column were used. A typical chromatogram obtained by using the aforementioned mobile phase and column are shown in fig. 2 of blank chromatogram and standard drug quercetin chromatogram is illustrated in Fig. 3. Method validation When a method has been optimized it must be validatedbefore put into practical use. By following the ICH guidelinesfor analytical method validation e Q2 (R1), the system suitability Test was performed and the validation characteristics elinearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, limits of detectionand quantitation were addressed. Preparation of calibration curve Aliquots of quercetin (containing 10- 250  µg/ml) were pipetted into series of 10ml volumetric flask from 100 µg/ml of stock solution followed by addition of propyl paraben containing 250 µg/ml and made up to 10ml with HPLC grade methanol to obtain the final concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25  µg/ml of quercetin and 25 µg/ml of propyl paraben solutions were prepared. The responses were measured at 262 nm. The calibration curve was established by plotting the peak areas of Quercetin versus their concentrations. Assay Procedure The column was equilibrated for at least 30 min, with the mobile phase flowing through the system with a flow rate of 1ml/min. Detector was set at a wavelength of 262 nm. Two sets of the sample solutions were prepared containing aqueous and ethanolic extracts with mobile phase mixture. The retention time of Quercetin and Propyl paraben in bulk drug in two replicate samples were found to be 3.3 and 5.6 mins. The peak area of the Quercetin in sample was obtained and the regression equation of the drug concentration over the peak areas was calculated. The RP-HPLC method was used to estimate the amount of Quercetin in aqueous, ethanolic extracts of Camellia sinensis. The typical chromatograms of alcoholic and aqueous extracts are shown in fig. 4 and 5 respectively. It is found that alcoholic and aqueous extract contains 7.35  µg and 4.31  µg per 100 grams of the extract respectively. System suitability The system suitability test ensures the validity of the analyticalprocedure as well as confirms the resolution betweendifferent peaks of interest. A data from six injections ofstandard solutions were utilized for calculating system suitability parameters like %RSD (0.19), tailing factor (1.2), theoretical plates (10728) and resolution (7.8). Linearity and range To assess the linearity, calibration plots of quercetin in each dilution were constructed in the concentration range 1-25 µg/mL the correlation coefficients of quercetin was 0.9998 respectively. Accuracy and precision The accuracy and precision of the developed method was evaluated and results are expressed as percent recoveries 99.3 -101.7%. The precision study of intra-day and interday relative standard deviation was less than 2%, stating that method is more precise. Specificity The specificity test demonstrated that the used excipients did not interfere with the peak of the main compound. The results showed that the developed method was selective for determination Of Quercetin in Camellia sinensis extracts. Sensitivity The limit of detection and limit of quantitation decide aboutthe sensitivity of the method. Tests for the procedure wereperformed on samples containing very low concentrations of analytes based on the visual evaluation method. In thismethod, LOD (signal to noise ratio of 3:1) is determined by theanalysis of samples with known concentration of analyte and by establishing the minimum level at which the analyte can be reliably detected. Accordingly, the LOQ (signal to noise ratioof 10:1) is determined by the analysis of samples with known concentration of analytes and by establishing the minimumlevel at which the analyte can be quantified with acceptableaccuracy and precision (RSD RESULT AND DISCUSSION We developed and validated a simple and efficient reversed phase HPLC method for analysis of Quercetin in Camellia sinensis extracts. Method conditions were optimized by changing the mobile phase compositions; buffer used in the mobile phase, stationary phase and organic solvent. Finally a mixture of 0.1% orthophosphoric acid in water and acetonitrile and C18 column were used. In this study UFLC instrumentation with PDA detection, which is readily available in most analytical and pharmaceutical laboratories, was used. The analytical method was validated as per current International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. In addition, in the present study,an internal standard was used to provide higher accuracy and precision of several substances tested, propyl paraben was chosen as the most appropriate internal standard. This substance is stable and does not interfere with the excipients present in of samples and composition of the diluent.Indeed, in the developed method, Propyl paraben was adequately separated from Quercetin. Moreover, its elution time was shorter, which resulted in a short run time of less than 10 min. In the accuracy of the method, recovery is in the range of 98.3-101.7% and standard deviation was less than 2% proves that method is more accurate and precise. The LOD and LOQ values of quercetin are 0.03  µg/ml and 0.05  µg/ml respectively. The described HPLC method was successfully applied for the determination of Quercetin in Camellia sinensis plant extracts. Fig. 2: Blank chromatogram of the method Fig. 3: Chromatogram of Quercetin (25  µg/ml) and Propyl paraben (Internal Standard) Table 2: Recovery studies of the method Table 3: Intraday and Inter day study precision of the method Fig. 4: Assay of Quercetin in Camellia sinensis Alcoholic Extract Fig. 5: Assay of Quercetin in Camellia sinensis Aqueous Extract Table 5: Assay of quercetin in alcoholic and aqueous extract Conclusion The proposed method is simple, accurate, precise, specific andlinear over the analysis ranges and was able to simultaneous determination of quercetin with internal standard in a short analytical run time. Hence the method can easily and conveniently applied for routine analysis in qualitycontrol laboratories and research institutes. Acknowledgements Authors extend their thanks to the JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS University, Mysore for providing the facilities to carry out the research work.

Argument Against Eating Meat :: Vegetarianism, Persuasive, Argumentative

Argument Against Eating Meat Many people don’t believe think anything of what they eat or how it got there. But the harsh truth is the meat that you eat was once a living, breathing creature that had feeling and emotions. Maybe next time you order a steak or chicken nuggets you should think about the animals that went through extreme pain and conditions for you to eat. Not only is it inhumane to put animals through such pain, not eating meat and having a vegetarian lifestyle can have huge benefits to animals, the environment, and your health. Can you imagine going through the pain that animals in slaughterhouses went through? Most people don’t think of that part of it but the real fact is that billions of animals went through a painful life to be killed for food every year. Most people like to keep the thought in there heads that these animals live on beautiful green farms where they are treated great and then have a very peaceful death, and never feel any or little pain. Well that is not the case, these animals are treated very unfairly. The animals in slaughterhouses are given a massive amount of antibiotics, hormones, and drugs to keep them alive in conditions that are so bad they would otherwise kill them. Cows are naturally very gentle and calm creatures. These smart and sweet natured animals have been known to go to great lengths to escape slaughterhouses. More than forty-one million of these sensitive animals suffer and die a painful death each year in the United States. When cows are still very young they are burned with hot irons, there testicles are torn or cut off, all without painkillers. Most beef cattle are born in one state, live in another, and are slaughtered in another. The cows who survive the gruesome transportation process are shot in the head with a bolt gun, hung upside down by there legs, and taken onto the killing floor where there throats are slit and they are skinned. Some of these beautiful animals remain fully conscious throughout the entire process. Argument Against Eating Meat :: Vegetarianism, Persuasive, Argumentative Argument Against Eating Meat Many people don’t believe think anything of what they eat or how it got there. But the harsh truth is the meat that you eat was once a living, breathing creature that had feeling and emotions. Maybe next time you order a steak or chicken nuggets you should think about the animals that went through extreme pain and conditions for you to eat. Not only is it inhumane to put animals through such pain, not eating meat and having a vegetarian lifestyle can have huge benefits to animals, the environment, and your health. Can you imagine going through the pain that animals in slaughterhouses went through? Most people don’t think of that part of it but the real fact is that billions of animals went through a painful life to be killed for food every year. Most people like to keep the thought in there heads that these animals live on beautiful green farms where they are treated great and then have a very peaceful death, and never feel any or little pain. Well that is not the case, these animals are treated very unfairly. The animals in slaughterhouses are given a massive amount of antibiotics, hormones, and drugs to keep them alive in conditions that are so bad they would otherwise kill them. Cows are naturally very gentle and calm creatures. These smart and sweet natured animals have been known to go to great lengths to escape slaughterhouses. More than forty-one million of these sensitive animals suffer and die a painful death each year in the United States. When cows are still very young they are burned with hot irons, there testicles are torn or cut off, all without painkillers. Most beef cattle are born in one state, live in another, and are slaughtered in another. The cows who survive the gruesome transportation process are shot in the head with a bolt gun, hung upside down by there legs, and taken onto the killing floor where there throats are slit and they are skinned. Some of these beautiful animals remain fully conscious throughout the entire process.

Deception in Shakespeares King Lear :: King Lear essays

The Deception in King Lear William Shakespeare's play King Lear is a play full of deceit and betrayal. This becomes evident in the first few lines. We first learn of the empty words of Goneril and Regan as well as their hatred for their father, King Lear. This becomes the center of the play and also leads to the madness that the king suffers from. The first words that Goneril speaks are totally empty and are the complete opposite of what she really feels. She says, "Sir, I love you more than word can wield the matter; Dearer than eye-sight, space and liberty;" (I.i.54-55) The reason why there are no words to express her love for her father is that she has no love for him and it does not exist. The same goes for her sister, Regan, who is plotting against her father as well. She says that she feels the same way as her sister and expresses how Goneril has named her very deed of love. Regan adds a little twist to this and professes that she loves Lear more than her sisters and that Goneril's affection for her father "comes too short." (I.i.71) By uttering these words, Regan shows that her love is even less true than that of her sister's. She goes even farther to say: "...that I profess Myself an enemy to all other joys Which the most precious square of sense possesses, And find I am alone felicitate In your dear highness' love." I.i.71-75 This goes to show that she is more greedy than her sister and her words are also falser. She wants more than her sister and will do anything to attain her goal. Her ambition to get what she wants is evident in the words that she speaks. She claims herself to be "an enemy to all other joys" but she is really the enemy to her father. The next person King Lear calls to speak is his soft-spoken daughter, Cordelia. Lear does not have much respect for her because she does not flatter him and put him on the pedestal that he feels that he should be put on. This is exactly what his other daughters do and he feels very strongly that Cordelia should do the same. Because of all the flattery that was given him by his other two daughters, he gives them most of his possessions. The first thing that Cordelia says when the King asks her to speak is "nothing." The king is enraged by this remark and says that, "Nothing will come of nothing: speak again.

CODA: Family Awareness, Individual Growth

CODA Language is obviously a vital tool. Not only is it a means of communicating thoughts and ideas, but it forges friendships, cultural ties, and economic relationships. Throughout history, many have reflected on the importance of language. For instance, the scholar Benjamin Whorf has noted that language shapes thoughts and emotions. John Stuart Mill said that â€Å"Language is the light of the mind. Lionel Groulx, a Quebec historian, put it this way: â€Å"Chacun retient toutefois que la supreme revelation du genie national, la clef magique qui donne acces aux plus hautes richesses de la culture, c’est la langue,† Meaning: Each retains, however, that the supreme revelation of the national genius, the magic key that gives access to the highest wealth of culture, it is the language. The success of an endeavour hinges on the ability to communicate effectively in today's fast paced life, everyone is asked to do more with less.In such a scenario effective communication ho lds the key. Effectively communication centers round the usage of words, speed of delivery of words, pitch modulation and body language. Sometimes communication can be a variety of different ways in one household. Language is an important part of ones’ own identity. â€Å"Mother father deaf† is a phrase commonly used in the deaf community to identify hearing children with deaf parents. Currently there are 28 million deaf and hard of hearing people in the United States. About 85% to 90% of children born to deaf parents are able to hear.Those children are referred to as CODAs (children with deaf adults). There are these families who face challenging obstacles between the two worlds including parenting challenges. CODA is an organization established for the purpose of promoting family awareness and individual growth in hearing children of deaf parents. CODA addresses bicultural identity through conferences, support groups and resource development Children with deaf parent s are as varied as children in the general population. Children with deaf parents can achieve just as much as any other child as well.Schools have a hard time with children and parents who have such issues. School board administrators are uncertain as to their legal obligation to provide communication access for deaf parents. For deaf parents, information is available for help on this subject but as a short; be aware of legal responsibilities of schools for the parents sake. Many adult children of deaf parents report that entering school was a difficult period of adjustment for them sense some teachers believe that students with deaf parents are in need of speech therapy or special education.When in contrast, its not necessary. Two of the earliest CODA success stories were Edward Miner Gallaudet and his brother Thomas, whose parents co-founded the first school for the deaf in the United State. Thomas became an Episcopal minister and helped establish one of the first churches for dea f people. Edward founded the world’s only liberal arts higher education institution for deaf students. However, many CODAs enter fields of work that have nothing to do with deafness and still succeed at high levels.Texas attorney/politician Homer Thornberry became a member of congress, federal judge, and nominee to the United States Supreme Court. The list of CODAs who have earned Ph. D. degrees is very lengthy. Louise Fletcher, the daughter of a prominent deaf Episcopalian minister, won an Oscar for best actress in One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest in 1975. There are so many more success stories that could be listed but there are also the individual stories from CODAs themselves. â€Å"How did you learn to talk? , Is asked towards Jake, a CODA with deceased deaf parents. His reply was, â€Å"I was the firstborn, and there were no other hearing people who would regularly stop by, so I learned how to speak when I was old enough to go outside to play with the other heari ng children around 4 or 5. † Two or more years of age is when the average child begins to talk, this means that a child with deaf adult is libel to take longer to begin its own speech. The next question, â€Å"how did your parents manage parent-teacher meetings at school? this came the reply of, â€Å"they never went†¦ however, I do remember one time my mother did come to school, while my first grade class was in session, and I subsequently found out that it was because she was told that I needed to repeat the first grade. † I believe that if deaf adults were aware of their rights with their children, communication with school staff wouldn’t be an issue and parents would love to know about their children’s achidemic progress, and so issues with their child would promptly disappear.A third question was asked, â€Å"Were your parents actively involved in the deaf community? If so, did they bring you along to deaf events and social gatherings? † followed by the answer, â€Å"yes, my mother would bring us to various deaf functions in the Philadelphia area (where she grew up), such as functions at church, movie night†¦ My father was from New Jersey, so all four of us would go to the deaf clubs and functions in New Jersey. I think hearing children born with deaf parents grow up feeling a part of both the deaf and hearing communitys, â€Å"but many deaf, especially ones I meet for the first time as an adult, seem to put us in a strictly hearing category and ignore me somewhat,† exclaims Jake. I don’t think that is exactly fair considering that hearing children with deaf adults do grow up with the same life style and they do know the challenge most deaf go through. Yet, there are many assumptions that are far from correct. Such assumptions as, deaf parents cannot hear or speak, is a myth that is far from true.In fact, almost all deaf people can speak, although the clarity may vary they still can. Many deaf pe ople have had bad experiences using speech to communicate. Sense as children, many deaf persons were forced to speak, and they are also aware of the negatively noted reactions made by the public sense their speech is not impeccable. Another assumption of, all children with deaf parents know sign language, is incorrect. Many CODAs consider American Sign Language as their first language but some deaf parents are oral speakers and choose not to sign to their children. Read also  Summary : Love Is Never SilentMany parents also encourage their children to use English exclusively. CODA helps many families in these situations figure out what to do for their children though. CODAs international servise is there helping so many families that would struggle with the diversity in a household. â€Å"Deaf community† has developed for over the last two centries, and is based on shared experiences of deafness. Children with deaf parents have shared the same experiences without the physical attribute itself, that’s why there is CODA. CODA—Children of Deaf adults, is a non-profit organization for the adult hearing sons and daughters of deaf parents. The organization began in 1983 and has grown to include people from many different countries and very different family and extended family situations,† is the first thing that is stated on the national CODA webpage to back up their reassuring support with so many families. They insure ef fective communication within the family and stay to help. â€Å"Thank you,† is what so many are saying to the CODA foundation and they deserve more than that, how about a round of applause?